mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green to dark green; Luster: silky, velvety, or vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: perfect in one direction; Specific gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Hardness: 3
Color: bright green to dark green
Luster: silky, velvety, or vitreous

Identified June 3, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green to dark green; Luster: silky, velvety, or vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: perfect in one direction; Specific gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Formation & geological history

A secondary mineral that forms in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits. It typically forms from the weathering of copper minerals like chalcopyrite or bornite in limestone environments.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as an ornamental stone, for jewelry, and as a collector's specimen. Historically used as a green pigment in paints.

Geological facts

Malachite is often found with Azurite and is known for its distinct 'bulls-eye' or banded patterns. It was used by ancient Egyptians as early as 4000 BC for jewelry and eyeshadow.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its vivid green color, lack of transparency, and distinct banding. It reacts (effervesces) with cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in DR Congo, Russia, Australia, and Arizona, USA.