mineral

Turquoise

Hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky-blue to apple-green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline massive), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Identified June 19, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky-blue to apple-green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline massive), Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. It results from the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions through aluminous and phosphatic minerals in arid regions.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as an ornamental stone, in jewelry (beads, cabochons), and as a cultural gemstone for various indigenous peoples.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in history; it was used by Ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE. Its name comes from the French 'pierre turquoise', meaning 'Turkish stone', as it entered Europe via Turkish trade routes.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique blue-green color and waxy luster. In the field, look for thin veins or nodules in weathered volcanic or sedimentary rock. Common locations include Iran, Southwestern USA, China, and Egypt.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral