metamorphic
Jade (Nephrite)
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Spinach green to deep green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (felted fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None (highly tough structure); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Spinach green to deep green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Spinach green to deep green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (felted fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None (highly tough structure); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks. It is found in mountain ranges as a result of high-pressure geological activity.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in jewelry (as seen in the provided ring), ornamental carvings, historical weaponry due to its extreme toughness, and as a popular collector's gemstone.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel due to its interlocking fibrous structure. It has been used by humans for over 5,000 years for both tools and spiritual totems.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel and exceptional toughness (it won't chip easily). In the field, look for smooth, water-worn boulders in riverbeds in areas like British Columbia, New Zealand, or Wyoming. It has a dull exterior and is often identified by 'windowing' or scratching a small part of the stone.
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