sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Sandstone (Clastic sedimentary rock, predominantly SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, or yellowish-orange due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (if quartz-rich)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or yellowish-orange due to iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, or yellowish-orange due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. This specific specimen suggests a river or beach environment where grains were lithified by iron-rich mineral cement over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, for paving stones, in glass manufacturing (if high purity quartz), and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The vibrant colors in famous formations like the Grand Canyon or Antelope Canyon are largely due to different iron oxide levels in sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sand-like texture when rubbed and visible layers (bedding). It is found globally in deserts, riverbeds, and coastal regions. It often feels like sandpaper to the touch.
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