mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Imperfect; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Formed in metamorphic rocks (schists) or hydrothermal veins where beryllium meets chromium or vanadium. Most deposits date back millions of years, often related to tectonic activity and volcanic environments.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in high-end jewelry and as a gemstone for collectors. Historically used for talismans and artistic carvings.

Geological facts

Emeralds are often more included than other gemstones; these internal fractals are known as the 'jardin' (French for garden). Historically, Cleopatra was famous for her obsession with emeralds.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinct 'emerald green' color and characteristic inclusions. Commonly found in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Collectors look for clarity and saturated green hues without overly dark tones.

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