sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Quartzose Sandstone)
Arenite (SiO2 principal composition)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years through lithification.
Uses & applications
Widely used in the construction industry as a building material and paving stone; also used for grindstones and glass manufacturing if pure quartz content is high.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous structures like the treasury at Petra in Jordan are carved directly into sandstone cliffs.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible grains. Common in sedimentary basins and eroded canyonlands. Use a hand lens to see if grains are rounded or angular.
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