metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green to grey-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking); Cleavage: None (highly resistant to fracturing); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.1
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark green to grey-green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green to grey-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking); Cleavage: None (highly resistant to fracturing); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.1
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration of serpentinite or ultramafic rocks. Often found in subduction zones where high pressure and low temperatures interact with fluids.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in lapidary arts for jewelry, figurines, and carvings due to its extreme toughness. Historically used for axe heads and weapons.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel because of its interlocking felt-overed texture. It was the only type of jade known in China until Burmese Jadeite was introduced in the 18th century.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its soapy or greasy feel when polished and its massive, dense structure. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming. Collectors look for translucency and consistency of color.
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