Gold

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.5–3 on Mohs scale; Color: Golden-yellow; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Face-centered cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 19.3

Formation & Geological History

Primarily formed in hydrothermal veins and placer deposits; created in supernovae and through neutron star collisions, then concentrated by geological fluids.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in jewelry, electronics (due to high conductivity), medicine, and as a global currency and investment standard.

Geological Facts

Gold is extremely malleable; a single ounce can be beaten into a sheet covering nearly 100 square feet. It is chemically inert, meaning it does not rust or tarnish.

Field Identification & Locations

Identified by its high density, golden streak, and malleability (it bends rather than shatters). Found globally, with major deposits in South Africa, Australia, and the United States.

Identified on: 4/21/2026

Mode: Standard