Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Variegated browns, reds, tans; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in marine, fluvial, or desert environments over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Commonly used as a building material, for paving, in the manufacture of glass, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and water.

Geological Facts

Sandstone formations can create some of the most spectacular natural landscapes, such as the Grand Canyon and the 'Wave' in Arizona. It is highly porous and can act as a natural filter.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid plateaus globally.

Identified on: 4/17/2026

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