igneous
Olivine (Peridotite)
Magnesium iron silicate (Mg, Fe)2SiO4
Hardness: 6.5–7; Color: Olive-green, yellow-green to brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to earthy; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2–4.4.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Olive-green, yellow-green to brownish
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy) to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5–7; Color: Olive-green, yellow-green to brownish; Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to earthy; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2–4.4.
Formation & geological history
Formed in the Earth's upper mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is a primary constituent of ultramafic igneous rocks like peridotite and basalt. Often found in volcanic deposits or as weathered nodules.
Uses & applications
Used as a gemstone (Peridot), in sandblasting, as a refractory material in steel manufacturing, and for carbon sequestration research.
Geological facts
Olivine is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's subsurface by volume, making up a large portion of the mantle. It has also been discovered in meteorites and on the surface of Mars and the Moon.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive olive-green color and granular texture. Often found in volcanic areas or riverbeds downstream from basaltic outcrops. Collectors should look for transparent green crystals for gem quality.
