mineral

Carnelian

Carnelian (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Red to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous to waxy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Red to brownish-orange, Luster: Vitreous to waxy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed in volcanic and sedimentary environments through the deposition of silica from groundwater in cavities of igneous rocks. Its red color is produced by iron oxide impurities.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, beads, pendants), for carving seals/talismans, and as a popular collector's mineral.

Geological facts

Ancient Egyptians used carnelian to ward off the 'evil eye' and called it 'the setting sun.' It was one of the first stones used for signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent, waxy appearance and warm reddish-orange hue. It is commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Collectors look for uniform color and high translucency.