mineral

Malachite

Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green to dark green with distinctive banding; Luster: Adamantine to silky/dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green to dark green with distinctive banding
Luster: Adamantine to silky/dull

Identified April 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green to dark green with distinctive banding; Luster: Adamantine to silky/dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits. It occurs as a secondary mineral precipitated from hydrothermal fluids or through the weathering of primary copper sulfides like chalcopyrite.

Uses & applications

Used primarily for jewelry, ornamental carvings, high-end furniture inlays (pietra dura), and historically used as a mineral pigment in paints.

Geological facts

Malachite is often found associated with Azurite (blue copper carbonate). In ancient Egypt, it was used as an eye paint and amulet. It is known for its concentric 'eye' patterns or parallel banding.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its vivid green color, lack of transparency, and effervescence in dilute hydrochloric acid. It is commonly found in the Ural Mountains (Russia), DR Congo, and Arizona (USA). Collectors should look for unique botryoidal or needle-like habits.

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