metamorphic
Jade (Nephrite or Jadeite)
Nephrite: Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2; Jadeite: NaAlSi2O6
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: deep green; Luster: greasy to vitreous; Crystal structure: monoclinic; Cleavage: none/splintery fracture; Specific gravity: 2.9-3.4
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- deep green
- Luster
- greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: deep green; Luster: greasy to vitreous; Crystal structure: monoclinic; Cleavage: none/splintery fracture; Specific gravity: 2.9-3.4
Formation & geological history
Formed in subduction zones under high pressure and low temperature conditions. Usually found in serpentinite rocks or as water-worn pebbles in rivers.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry (cabochons), ornamental carvings, and historical tools due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Jade is actually two different minerals: Nephrite and Jadeite. Nephrite is more common and fibrous, while Jadeite is rarer and more valuable. It has been revered in Chinese culture for over 5,000 years.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster and cold feel. It is extremely difficult to break. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Myanmar.
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