metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (complex silicate minerals including lizardite, chrysotile, and antigorite)
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Green, grayish-green, or black; Luster: Waxy to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 2.5-3.0
- Hardness
- 3-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Green, grayish-green, or black
- Luster
- Waxy to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Green, grayish-green, or black; Luster: Waxy to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 2.5-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed by the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries/subduction zones where water is introduced to olivine-rich rock.
Uses & applications
Used as a decorative stone in architecture, as a source for magnesium and asbestos (historically), and occasionally in jewelry as 'New Jade'.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It can contain toxic elements like nickel and chromium, and is the primary source of chrysotile asbestos.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive green color and waxy, 'slippery' appearance or feel. Commonly found in ophiolite belts like the Coast Ranges of California or the Appalachian Mountains.
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