mineral

Red Jasper (Opaque Chalcedony)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite (Fe2O3) inclusions

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Deep brick red to brownish-red; Luster: Dull to vitreous (waxy when polished); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91

Hardness: 6
Color: Deep brick red to brownish-red
Luster: Dull to vitreous (waxy when polished)

Identified February 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the precipitation of silica from thermal water or volcanic fluids into cracks and cavities within rocks. Its red color is derived from iron oxide (hematite) inclusions that were present during the solidification process. It can be found in layers or as nodules in sedimentary or igneous environments.

Uses & applications

Used widely in decorative jewelry (cabochons, beads), lapidary arts, and ornamental carvings. Industrially, it has historical use as a component in polishing agents, but it's primarily a gemstone and collector's material today.

Geological facts

Jasper has been used by ancient civilizations for thousands of years; it was mentioned in the Bible and used in the breastplate of the High Priest. The name comes from the Greek word 'iaspis', meaning 'spotted stone.'

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic brick-red color, extreme hardness (it will scratch glass), and smooth, shell-like (conchoidal) fracture surface. Often found in riverbeds or gravel deposits in the American Southwest, India, and Brazil.

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