metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep olive green to dark green with black inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.1
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Deep olive green to dark green with black inclusions
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep olive green to dark green with black inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.1
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks. Commonly associated with serpentinite.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for jewelry, decorative carvings, tools, and amulets due to its extreme toughness and resistance to breaking.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being Jadeite). It is legendary for its durability, which was once utilized for making axe heads in Neolithic cultures.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, extreme toughness (hard to break with a hammer), and characteristic green 'mottled' appearance. Frequently found in riverbeds as water-worn cobbles in British Columbia, New Zealand, and China.
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