Garnet

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep dark red to reddish-black; Luster: Vitreous to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric (often rhombic dodecahedron or cubic); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 3.1-4.3.

Formation & Geological History

Formed under high temperatures and pressures in metamorphic rocks like schist and gneiss, or within igneous rocks like granite and peridotite. Commonly found in subduction zones.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry, especially when set in gold rings. Industrially used as an abrasive in waterjet cutting and sandblasting due to its hardness.

Geological Facts

The name comes from the Latin word 'granatus', meaning pomegranate, due to the crystals' resemblance to the seeds. Garnet is the birthstone for January.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its lack of cleavage, dodecahedral crystal habit, and high hardness. Common locations include Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Brazil, and India.

Identified on: 4/26/2026

Mode: Standard