mineral

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, red, or yellow due to iron inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.91

Hardness: 6
Color: Brown, red, or yellow due to iron inclusions
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from water-rich solutions into volcanic rocks or sedimentary environments. Iron impurities provide the opaque coloration. They can range from recent deposits to hundreds of millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in lapidary work, jewelry making (cabochons), interior decoration, and as a popular collector's stone for beginners.

Geological facts

Jasper is a variety of chalcedony. In ancient times, it was considered a 'rain bringer' and was used in protective amulets. Because it is so hard and dense, it takes an exceptionally high polish.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its opacity (unlike translucent agate) and its smooth, waxy feel when wet. It often has patterns or banding. Commonly found in riverbeds, beaches, and desert regions in the American West, Brazil, and India.