metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Sage green to dark forest green with black inclusions, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Microcrystalline interlocking felted fibers, Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Sage green to dark forest green with black inclusions, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Microcrystalline interlocking felted fibers, Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks. Common in mountain building zones and riverbeds as alluvial pebbles.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for jewelry, lapidary carvings, decorative ornaments, and historically for durable tool-making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel because of its interlocking felted mineral structure. It was known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in ancient Chinese culture.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster when polished, high density, and extreme resistance to breaking. Often found in riverbeds along the West Coast of the US and Canada as rounded 'river jade' boulders with a weathered rind.
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