mineral

White Topaz

Aluminum Silicate Fluoride Hydroxide, Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (white); Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 3.4 to 3.6

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale
Color: Colorless (white)
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Colorless (white); Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 3.4 to 3.6

Formation & geological history

Formed through fluorine-bearing vapors given off during the last stages of crystallization of igneous rocks. Commonly found in granitic pegmatites, rhyolites, and as water-worn pebbles in stream beds.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, pendants, earrings), as an affordable diamond alternative, and in industrial applications for its hardness and high refractive index.

Geological facts

Topaz is the hardest silicate mineral. In the past, all yellow or colorless gems were often incorrectly identified as topaz. Large crystals weighing hundreds of pounds have been found in Brazil.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high hardness (scratches glass/quartz), its cool touch, and its perfectly flat basal cleavage. Common locations include Brazil, Sri Lanka, Russia, and the United States (Utah/Texas).

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