mineral

Vanadinite

Vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl]

Hardness: 3.0-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright orange, red, or brown; Luster: Adamantine to resinous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (brittle); Specific Gravity: 6.6-7.2 (notably heavy).

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright orange, red, or brown
Luster: Adamantine to resinous

Identified March 28, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 3.0-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright orange, red, or brown; Luster: Adamantine to resinous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (brittle); Specific Gravity: 6.6-7.2 (notably heavy).

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of lead-bearing deposits. It occurs when vanadium is leached from wall rocks by surface waters; geological age varies by deposit, typically found in arid environments.

Uses & applications

Primarily a collector's mineral. Industrially, it is a minor source of vanadium, which is used to strengthen steel and in batteries. Occasionally used in unique jewelry, though limited by its softness.

Geological facts

Vanadinite is a member of the apatite group. It is known for its high lead content, which gives specimens a surprising weight for their size. High-quality specimens with deep red hexagonal prisms are highly sought after by museums.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive orange-red crusty or hexagonal crystals and its unusually high density. Common locations include Morocco (Mibladen), Arizona, and Namibia. For collectors, avoid washing with water as it can be brittle; handle with care and wash hands after due to lead content.