mineral

Turquoise

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive/cryptocrystalline), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually massive/cryptocrystalline), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9

Formation & geological history

Formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering of aluminum-rich igneous or sedimentary rocks in arid environments, typically associated with copper deposits.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry for cabochons and beads, as well as in ornamental carvings and inlay work. Highly valued by collectors and indigenous cultures.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the world's oldest gemstones, used by Ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE. Its name comes from the French 'turquois' meaning Turkish, as it was first brought to Europe through Turkey.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive blue-green color and waxy appearance. Commonly found in Iran, Southwestern USA, China, and Egypt. Collectors look for 'matrix' (veins of host rock) or 'Sleeping Beauty' solid blue styles.