mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium and/or Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Hardness: 7
Color: Green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified January 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium-rich host rocks (like schist). Formation can date back hundreds of millions of years, often in metamorphic environments.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in high-end jewelry (rings, necklaces). Also of high value for mineral collectors due to its rarity and color.

Geological facts

Emerald is one of the four traditional 'precious' stones. Most emeralds contain tiny fractures or inclusions known as 'jardin' (French for garden), which can actually prove the stone's natural origin.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct hexagonal crystal habit and intense green color. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Russia. Collectors look for clarity and 'fire' within the deep green hue.

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