mineral

Azurite

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2)

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Vivid Deep Blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.9

Hardness: 3
Color: Vivid Deep Blue
Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine

Identified June 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Vivid Deep Blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair; Specific Gravity: 3.7-3.9

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits as a secondary mineral through the action of carbonated waters on copper-bearing minerals. Typically found in arid regions.

Uses & applications

Major source of copper pigment historically; used in jewelry (cabochons), ornamental stone, and highly valued as a collector specimen.

Geological facts

Azurite is often found with Malachite (green); over geological time, it can weather into Malachite through the addition of water. It was the most important blue pigment in European painting from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its intense 'Azure blue' color and reaction to dilute HCl (effervescence). Found globally in places like Bisbee (Arizona), Namibia, and Morocco.