mineral

Turquoise (possible Dyed Magnesite/Howlite)

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Sky blue to blue-green. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal structure: Triclinic. Cleavage: Perfect, though rarely seen in massive forms. Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs
Color: Sky blue to blue-green
Luster: Waxy to subvitreous

Identified May 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Sky blue to blue-green. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal structure: Triclinic. Cleavage: Perfect, though rarely seen in massive forms. Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Formation & geological history

Turquoise is a secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. It is usually found in arid regions, often associated with copper deposits in weathered igneous or sedimentary rocks.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry, cabochons, and decorative carvings. Highly valued in Native American and Middle Eastern cultures for centuries.

Geological facts

The name comes from the French 'turquoise' meaning 'Turkish', as the gemstone originally reached Europe through Turkey. It is one of the first gemstones ever mined, with evidence of mining in the Sinai Peninsula dating back to 3000 BCE.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique 'robin's egg' blue color and dark matrix veins. To distinguish from dyed howlite, check for color concentration in cracks or perform a scratch test in an inconspicuous area (howlite is softer). Found commonly in Iran, USA (SW), and China.

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