Metamorphic
Graphite
Graphite (Native Carbon), Formula: C
Hardness: 1-2 Mohs scale; Color: Iron-black to steel-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 2.09–2.23.
- Hardness
- 1-2 Mohs scale
- Color
- Iron-black to steel-gray
- Luster
- Metallic to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 1-2 Mohs scale; Color: Iron-black to steel-gray; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Perfect basal; Specific Gravity: 2.09–2.23.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the metamorphism of organic carbonaceous matter in sedimentary rocks. Can also occur in igneous rocks and meteorites. Found globally in Precambrian and younger metamorphic belts.
Uses & applications
Used in the manufacturing of pencil 'lead', dry lubricants, steelmaking (carbon raiser), brake linings, batteries (lithium-ion anodes), and nuclear reactor moderators.
Geological facts
Graphite and diamond are polymorphs, meaning they share the same chemical composition (carbon) but have vastly different crystal structures. It is one of the softest minerals known despite its relationship to diamond.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable in the field by its greasy feel and ability to leave a dark gray mark on paper or skin. Found extensively in China, India, Brazil, and Canada.
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