Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Metallic grey to earthy reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to submetallic or dull; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Formed as a primary mineral and as an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often found in banded iron formations created by the oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere billions of years ago.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in jewelry as beads or carvings, and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological Facts

The name comes from the Greek word 'haimatitis' meaning 'blood-red' because of its characteristic red streak. Its presence on Mars is responsible for the planet's distinct red appearance.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its high density/weight and its reddish-brown streak when rubbed on a porcelain plate. Found globally, notably in the Lake Superior region of North America and Western Australia.

Identified on: 4/30/2026

Mode: Standard