metamorphic
White Marble
Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (granular); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (in individual crystals); Specific gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pure white
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (granular); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (in individual crystals); Specific gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. High temperature and pressure cause the recrystallization of carbonate minerals into an interlocking mosaic of calcite crystals. Found in metamorphic belts globally, often dating from the Precambrian to the Mesozoic era.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as dimension stone, flooring, and tiles. In industry, it is used for acid neutralization and as a filler. In the arts, it is the primary material for sculpture due to its relative softness and uniform texture.
Geological facts
Marble has been used for iconic historical structures such as the Parthenon in Greece and the Taj Mahal in India. Its name is derived from the Greek word 'marmaros', which means 'shining stone'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its softness (carbonates can be scratched by a copper coin) and its vigorous effervescence when exposed to dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in mountainous regions such as the Apuan Alps in Italy (Carrara) and the Appalachian Mountains in the USA.
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