mineral

Turquoise

Turquoise - CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Robin's egg blue to greenish-blue. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually massive). Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen). Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs
Color: Robin's egg blue to greenish-blue
Luster: Waxy to subvitreous

Identified June 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Robin's egg blue to greenish-blue. Luster: Waxy to subvitreous. Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually massive). Cleavage: Perfect (rarely seen). Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Formation & geological history

A secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. Typically found in arid regions within volcanic rocks or sedimentary phosphate-bearing rocks.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (cabochons, beads, inlays) and for ornamental carvings. Highly valued in Native American and Middle Eastern traditional crafts.

Geological facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest known gemstones, used by the Ancient Egyptians and Persians. The name comes from the French 'turquois' meaning 'Turkish', as the gemstone was first brought to Europe through Turkey.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive blue-green color and waxy surface. It is often found associated with copper deposits in dry climates like Arizona, Nevada, Iran, and China. Beware of dyed Howlite imitations.