mineral

Galena

Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead gray; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric; Cleavage: Perfect cubic; Specific Gravity: 7.4–7.6 (very heavy)

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead gray
Luster: Metallic

Identified May 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead gray; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric; Cleavage: Perfect cubic; Specific Gravity: 7.4–7.6 (very heavy)

Formation & geological history

Found in hydrothermal veins and sedimentary deposits. It often forms in contact metamorphic deposits and as a replacement for limestone or dolomite.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of lead; used for lead-acid batteries, radiation shielding, bullets, and historically as a pigment. Collectors value it for its perfect cubic crystals.

Geological facts

Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals. It was used in Ancient Egypt as kohl for eyeliner and was the first semiconductor used in early crystal radio receivers.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high density (feels very heavy for its size), bright metallic luster, and its tendency to break into perfect cubes. Commonly found in lead-zinc mining districts.