sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, or light brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Grain size: 0.0625 to 2 mm diameter, Cleavage: none (fractures across grains)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, or light brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Grain size: 0.0625 to 2 mm diameter, Cleavage: none (fractures across grains)
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. Geological ages vary from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for flagstones, pavers, and building facades. Also used in the glass industry as a source of high-purity silica and as a reservoir rock for oil and gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's total sedimentary rock record. It is porous and often acts as a natural aquifer for groundwater.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding) or grain structure. It often leaves a sandy residue when rubbed. Common in arid climates and coastal regions.
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