metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Dark spinach green to gray-green; Luster: Greasy to waxy when polished, dull or earthy when raw; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous structure (felted); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Dark spinach green to gray-green
- Luster
- Greasy to waxy when polished, dull or earthy when raw
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Dark spinach green to gray-green; Luster: Greasy to waxy when polished, dull or earthy when raw; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibrous structure (felted); Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or from the alteration of ultramafic rocks in the presence of hydrothermal fluids. Commonly found in subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, sculpture, and ornamental carvings. Historically used for axe heads and weapons due to its extreme toughness and resistance to fracturing.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals classified as jade, the other being jadeite. It is significantly tougher than steel, which earned it the name 'Axe-stone' among early cultures like the Maori of New Zealand.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy feel, extreme toughness (it is difficult to break with a hammer), and characteristic greasy luster on a fresh break. Common in riverbeds of British Columbia, California, and Wyoming.
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