Hematite

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs; Color: Metallic gray to black (reflective); Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & Geological History

Forms in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water, or in igneous/metamorphic environments as an accessory mineral. Most massive deposits are 'Banded Iron Formations' (BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production; used in pigments (ochre), jewelry (beads and cabochons), and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological Facts

Hematite has a distinctive blood-red streak when scraped across an unglazed porcelain plate, even if the mineral itself looks black. The name comes from the Greek word 'haima' for blood.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its high density (feels heavy for its size) and its reddish-brown streak. Found globally, with massive deposits in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region of North America.

Identified on: 4/25/2026

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