mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Metallic gray to black, often with reddish-brown streaks. Luster: Metallic to submetallic. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal. Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to black, often with reddish-brown streaks
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified May 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in igneous rocks or as a secondary mineral in sedimentary iron formations through precipitation from water. Significant deposits formed approximately 2.4 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Also used as a pigment in paints (ochre), as polishing rouge, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone for jewelry and beads.

Geological facts

Hematite gets its name from the Greek word for blood (haima) because of its red streak. It is often found in massive quantities on the surface of Mars, giving the planet its characteristic red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by rubbing the specimen against a porcelain streak plate; it will always leave a reddish-brown streak regardless of the surface color. Commonly found in locations like the Lake Superior district, Brazil, and Australia.