metamorphic
Serpentine
Antigorite / Lizardite / Chrysotile mix; (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6
- Hardness
- 3-6 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-black
- Luster
- Greasy, waxy, or silky
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 on Mohs scale; Color: Green, yellowish-green, or brownish-black; Luster: Greasy, waxy, or silky; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through serpentinization, the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at low temperatures and high pressures in tectonic subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, architectural facings, carving material for sculptures, and historically as a source of asbestos. High-quality varieties like 'Noble Serpentine' are used in jewelry.
Geological facts
Serpentine is the state rock of California. It is often confused with jade because of its waxy green appearance, leading to the nickname 'New Jade' or 'Serpentine Jade'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic greasy or waxy feel and mottled green, snake-like patterns. Commonly found in mountain ranges and ophiolite complexes globally, such as in the Swiss Alps, Vermont, and California.
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