mineral

Carnelian

Carnelian (Silicon Dioxide - SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: brownish-red to orange; Luster: vitreous (glassy) to waxy; Crystal structure: hexagonal (trigonal) microcrystalline; Specific gravity: 2.58–2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: brownish-red to orange
Luster: vitreous (glassy) to waxy

Identified April 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: brownish-red to orange; Luster: vitreous (glassy) to waxy; Crystal structure: hexagonal (trigonal) microcrystalline; Specific gravity: 2.58–2.64.

Formation & geological history

Formed as a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz (chalcedony). It typically forms at low temperatures in volcanic rocks (cavities and fissures) or sedimentary environments through the percolation of silica-rich fluids.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (beads, cabochons, carved seals) and as a healing stone in holistic practices. Historically used for making signet rings and cylinder seals.

Geological facts

Ancient Egyptians called carnelian 'the setting sun' and buried their dead with it to assist in the afterlife journey. Its name originates from the Latin word 'carne' meaning flesh, due to its reddish tint.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its translucent quality, lack of cleavage, and distinct orange-red hue. It is often found as smooth water-worn pebbles in river beds or within volcanic host rock. Major deposits exist in India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar.