Aquamarine

Physical Properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Light blue to teal; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Imperfect/Poor; Specific Gravity: 2.66-2.80

Formation & Geological History

Formed in granitic pegmatites and hydrothermal veins through the cooling of mineral-rich magma. It is typically found in host rocks millions of years old, often in vugs or cavities where crystals can grow freely.

Uses & Applications

Primary use is in high-end jewelry as a gemstone. It was historically used as an ore of beryllium, though it is now too valuable as a gemstone for industrial mining.

Geological Facts

Aquamarine's name is derived from the Latin 'aqua marina', meaning 'water of the sea'. The largest gem-quality aquamarine ever mined was found in Brazil in 1910 and weighed 110.5 kilograms.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinct hexagonal crystal shape, lack of cleavage, and scratch resistance against quartz. Major deposits are found in Brazil, Pakistan, and Madagascar. Use a jeweler's loupe to look for distinctive liquid or tube-like inclusions.

Identified on: 4/28/2026

Mode: Standard