sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown naturally stained by iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich)
- Color
- Tan, yellow, reddish-brown naturally stained by iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown naturally stained by iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (detritus), such as sand, over millions of years. This specimen shows weathering and iron oxide staining characteristic of surface exposure.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as a building material and paving stone. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Some of the most famous geological features, like the Grand Canyon and Antelope Canyon, are primarily composed of sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is commonly found in desert environments, river beds, and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique banding or fossils within the layers.
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