Marble (White)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white to light gray; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal (granular); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (in individual crystals); Specific gravity: 2.7 to 2.85

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. High temperatures and pressures cause the original grains to recrystallize into an interlocking mosaic of crystals. Found in mountain-building belts worldwide.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in construction as dimension stone for facades and flooring, in sculpture, as a source of calcium carbonate for agricultural lime, and in pharmaceuticals.

Geological Facts

Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of very pure limestone. The famous Carrara marble from Italy was used by Michelangelo for his statue of David because of its uniform texture.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its granular 'sugary' texture and by performing an acid test; it will effervesce (fizz) vigorously when in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in areas like Italy, Greece, the United States (Vermont/Georgia), and India.

Identified on: 2/28/2026

Mode: Standard