mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to steel gray or black; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Structure: Trigonal; Streak: Always cherry-red; Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown to steel gray or black
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified May 9, 2026More mineral →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to steel gray or black; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Structure: Trigonal; Streak: Always cherry-red; Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary environments as a precipitate from water, in hydrothermal veins, and as a product of volcanic gas action. Famous in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back over 2.4 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production; used as a polishing abrasive (jeweler's rouge), pigment in paints/ceramics, and in bead jewelry.

Geological facts

The name 'hematite' is derived from the Greek word for blood, 'haima', due to its red streak and color when powdered. Mars is red primarily because its surface is covered in hematite-rich dust.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct red streak when rubbed on unglazed porcelain. It is commonly found in iron-mining regions like the Lake Superior district of the US, Brazil, and Australia.