metamorphic
Serpentinite with Quartz/Calcite Veining
Serpentinite (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al,Zn,Mn)2-3(Si,Al,Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Mottled green, olive, or yellowish-green with white veins, Luster: Waxy to greasy or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (fibrous/platy), Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Mottled green, olive, or yellowish-green with white veins, Luster: Waxy to greasy or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (fibrous/platy), Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 2.5-3.2
Formation & geological history
Formed through the hydrothermal metamorphism (serpentinization) of mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks (like peridotite) from the Earth's mantle, typically at tectonic plate boundaries or mid-ocean ridges.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative architectural stone, in sculpture, as a source for magnesium, and historically as fireproof insulation (chrysotile asbestos form).
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It often creates unique soil chemistry that supports rare and endemic plant species that can tolerate low calcium and high heavy metal levels.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic 'serpent-like' green mottled appearance and waxy feel. Common in ophiolite complexes and subduction zones. Look for the white quartz or calcite veins filling fractures.
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