mineral

Hematite (Concretion)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: steel gray to black (metallic) or reddish-brown (earthy), Luster: metallic to submetallic, Crystal Structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5

Identified June 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 (Mohs scale), Color: steel gray to black (metallic) or reddish-brown (earthy), Luster: metallic to submetallic, Crystal Structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Forms through the precipitation of iron-rich fluids in sedimentary environments. Common in banded iron formations and as weathering products in soil and rock. Most significant deposits are Precambrian in age (billions of years old).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy industry for steel production, as a pigment (red ochre), for radiation shielding, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone in jewelry and pocket stones.

Geological facts

Hematite is a key mineral on Mars, causing its signature red color. The name is derived from the Greek word 'haima' meaning blood, due to the blood-red color of the mineral when ground into powder.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by performing a streak test; even metallic-looking specimens will leave a distinct rusty-red streak on unglazed porcelain. It is often found in riverbeds, desert pavements, and iron-mining regions.