mineral

Citrine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to golden brown, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal structure: Trigonal (hexagonal prisms), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65

Identified March 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: Pale yellow to golden brown, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal structure: Trigonal (hexagonal prisms), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments when amethyst or smoky quartz is subjected to natural geothermal heat over millions of years. It can also form directly in pegmatites.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (faceting and cabochons), as decorative crystal specimens, and in metaphysical rock collections.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst. Natural citrine possesses a pleochroism that heat-treated stones lack.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct yellow color, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors should look for uniform clarity and natural (not orangey) hues.