metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2
Hardness: 5-5.5 Mohs. Color: Deep blue mottled with white (calcite) and gold (pyrite). Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal System: Sodalite group (Isometric), usually occurs in massive form.
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep blue mottled with white (calcite) and gold (pyrite)
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 Mohs. Color: Deep blue mottled with white (calcite) and gold (pyrite). Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal System: Sodalite group (Isometric), usually occurs in massive form.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. It is a complex metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, calcite, and pyrite.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry as cabochons, carvings, and beads. Historically ground into 'ultramarine' pigment for fine arts and used in monumental architecture.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is one of the oldest opaque gemstones in history, dating back over 6,000 years to the Sar-i Sang mines in Afghanistan.
Field identification & locations
Look for the distinctive 'lazurite' blue with metallic gold pyrite flecks. High-quality specimens have minimal white calcite. Found primarily in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and the USA.
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