mineral

Olivine/Peridot

Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive-green, yellow-green; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.2-4.4

Hardness: 6
Color: Olive-green, yellow-green
Luster: Vitreous/Glassy

Identified May 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Olive-green, yellow-green; Luster: Vitreous/Glassy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.2-4.4

Formation & geological history

Forms in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks such as basalt, gabbro, and peridotite. It is one of the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling magma and is commonly found in Earth's upper mantle.

Uses & applications

Gem-quality specimens (Peridot) are used in jewelry; industrial olivine is used as a flux for steel making, in refractory materials, and as an abrasive.

Geological facts

Olivine is a major component of the Earth's upper mantle and has been found in meteorites (Pallasites) and on the surface of the Moon and Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive olive-green color and sugary (granular) texture. Frequently found in volcanic areas with basalt flows. Collectors look for translucent green grains within dark volcanic rock.