Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in marine, river, or desert environments over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Used extensively in construction for building facades, paving, and crushing for glass manufacturing. Also popular in landscaping and as a source for grindstones.

Geological Facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often acts as an important aquifer or reservoir for petroleum and natural gas due to its porosity.

Field Identification & Locations

Identified by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. Often displays bedding layers. Commonly found in cliffs, riverbeds, and arid regions like the American Southwest.

Identified on: 4/18/2026

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