mineral
Quartz (Chert/Chalcedony variety)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan to creamy white, Luster: waxy to dull, Crystal structure: Microcrystalline/Trigonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan to creamy white, Luster: waxy to dull, Crystal structure: Microcrystalline/Trigonal, Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formation occurs as microcrystalline silicon dioxide precipitates from watery solutions, often in sedimentary environments like limestone or as nodules in soil. This specimen appears to be a stream-tumbled or weathered fragment.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction aggregate, road base, and historically for stone tools due to its sharp conchoidal fracture.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. This specific waxy, opaque variety is often referred to as chert or flint depending on its color and origin.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (it will scratch glass), waxy luster, and lack of visible crystals. It is found globally in riverbeds, gravel pits, and sedimentary rock outcrops.
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