mineral

Specular Hematite (Iron Ore)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black with a sub-metallic to metallic luster; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: Approx. 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black with a sub-metallic to metallic luster

Identified March 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black with a sub-metallic to metallic luster; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: Approx. 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed through sedimentary precipitation in aqueous environments, typically in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back 1.8 to 2.4 billion years, or as a sublimation product in volcanic areas.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron used in the production of steel; also used as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paint, and in heavy media separation.

Geological facts

Hematite is responsible for the red color of soil in many parts of the world and is the mineral that makes the planet Mars appear red. Specular hematite is a variety composed of tiny, mirror-like flakes or 'specula'.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak (produced by rubbing the mineral against an unglazed porcelain plate) despite its gray/black outward appearance. Commonly found in large deposits in the Great Lakes region of North America and Western Australia.

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