mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.5-3.53

Identified June 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.5-3.53

Formation & geological history

Formed under extreme pressure and high temperature in the Earth's mantle (150-250 km deep), then transported to the surface by Kimberlite or Lamproite volcanic eruptions. Most are 1 billion to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in fine jewelry (engagement rings), industrial abrasives, cutting tools, and high-precision scientific instruments.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance known on Earth. Large, clear specimens are extremely rare compared to industrial or small sizes. Common 'companion' minerals include garnet and olivine.

Field identification & locations

Field identification focuses on hardness (it will scratch all other minerals), high thermal conductivity, and the 'water test' (diamonds sink quickly). Commonly found in alluvial deposits or kimberlite pipes in regions like South Africa, Russia, and Canada.