mineral

Pyrite

Iron Disulfide (FeS2)

Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale brass-yellow to golden; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (often cubic, octahedral, or pyritohedral); Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 4.9-5.2.

Hardness: 6-6
Color: Pale brass-yellow to golden
Luster: Metallic

Identified March 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in a wide variety of geological environments including hydrothermal veins, as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks, in contact metamorphic rocks, and as a replacement mineral in sedimentary rocks (fossils). It can form at high or low temperatures throughout Earth's history.

Uses & applications

Historically used as a source of sulfur and sulfuric acid. Today, it is used in the manufacturing of lithium batteries (as a cathode material), in paper production, and as a popular collector's mineral and costume jewelry stone (marcasite jewelry).

Geological facts

Commonly known as 'Fool's Gold' because its color and high specific gravity lead novice prospectors to mistake it for gold. However, pyrite is much harder and brittle, whereas gold is soft and malleable. It can create sparks when struck against steel.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its metallic luster, golden hue, and greenish-black streak (real gold has a golden streak). Frequently found in Peru, Spain, Italy, and the USA. Collectors should look for well-defined cubic or pyritohedral crystal faces and keep specimens in low-humidity environments to prevent 'pyrite disease' (oxidation).